Every peptide, graded on the evidence.
152 compounds, from approved drugs to grey-market vials. Each one says what it is sold for, what the published studies support, and where the FDA stands as of 2026-10-27.
- 64 grade A
- 42 grade B
- 40 grade C
- 6 grade D
- CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 00
- Animal
- 02
- Sources
- 09
- Route
- Oral
Sold for
5-Amino-1MQ is sold as an oral fat-loss and muscle-preserving compound that blocks the NNMT enzyme, with claims that it raises NAD+ and shrinks fat cells without affecting appetite.
Studies say
Two mouse studies show reduced fat mass and better glucose handling in diet-induced obese animals, but no human data exist, so the fat-loss claim rests entirely on preclinical work (grade C).
Gut and weight - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 02
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 08
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Abaloparatide is a prescription bone-building drug, and online discussion of it centres on whether it builds bone faster than teriparatide with less hypercalcemia.
Studies say
A large randomized trial showed fewer new spine and non-spine fractures over 18 months compared with placebo, which meets the bar for grade A for postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Muscle and bone - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 05
- Animal
- 04
- Sources
- 17
- Route
- Topical
Sold for
Argireline is marketed as a needle-free alternative to Botox that relaxes expression lines when applied as a cream or serum.
Studies say
One small randomized trial found a measurable reduction in eye-area wrinkles and another found none, while penetration studies show almost none of the peptide reaches the muscle layer, so the evidence supports a modest surface effect at best (grade B).
Skin - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 04
- Route
- Topical
Sold for
SNAP-8 is sold as a longer, stronger version of Argireline that relaxes expression lines around the eyes and forehead when applied topically.
Studies say
The mechanism is borrowed from Argireline and the clinical support is one randomized cosmetic study plus manufacturer tests, which is too little to say it reduces wrinkles (grade C).
Skin - DNo meaningful data
- Human
- 00
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 04
- Route
- Topical
Sold for
Eyeseryl is sold as an eye-cream peptide that reduces under-eye bags and puffiness by draining fluid and blocking glycation.
Studies say
There is no published, peer-reviewed evidence for any effect; the supporting data are the manufacturer's own tests (grade D).
Skin - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 03
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 09
- Route
- Implant
Sold for
Afamelanotide is best known as the first drug for EPP, a rare disease in which sunlight causes burning pain, and in its earlier life as a candidate 'sunless tan' because it darkens skin.
Studies say
Randomized trials show it lengthens the time EPP patients can spend in sunlight without pain, which earns grade A for that indication; there are no trials supporting cosmetic tanning.
Skin - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 02
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 03
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Albiglutide is talked about mainly as the GLP-1 drug that proved cardiovascular benefit and was then pulled from the market anyway.
Studies say
Large randomized trials showed it lowered blood glucose and cut major cardiovascular events by about a fifth in people with type 2 diabetes and heart disease, which is grade A evidence for a drug nobody can buy.
Hormones - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 03
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 05
- Route
- Several routes
Sold for
Amycretin is talked about as Novo Nordisk's next step after semaglutide and CagriSema: one molecule that hits both the GLP-1 and amylin receptors, available as a pill or a weekly injection.
Studies say
Early randomized trials show large, dose-dependent weight loss over up to 36 weeks with the usual gastrointestinal side effects, but the trials were small and many participants dropped out, so the evidence is grade B pending phase 3.
Gut and weight - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 05
- Route
- Intravenous
Sold for
Angiotensin II is an intensive-care drug, and discussion of it concerns whether it saves lives in septic shock when norepinephrine is not enough.
Studies say
A 344-patient randomized trial showed it raises blood pressure in shock patients who are not responding to other vasopressors, which earned approval, but it did not show that patients live longer.
Circulation - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 00
- Animal
- 02
- Sources
- 11
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
AOD-9604 is sold as the fat-burning piece of growth hormone, promising lipolysis without the blood-sugar and growth effects of the full hormone.
Studies say
Mouse studies showed increased fat breakdown, but the one sizeable human obesity programme failed to show weight loss and was abandoned, so the fat-loss claim rests on animal data (grade C).
Gut and weight - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 02
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Apraglutide is discussed as a once-weekly alternative to daily teduglutide for people with short bowel syndrome who depend on intravenous feeding.
Studies say
One 163-patient randomized trial showed a larger reduction in weekly intravenous nutrition volume than placebo over 24 weeks, with a clearer effect in patients with a stoma than in those with colon in continuity (grade B).
Gut and weight - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 03
- Sources
- 11
- Route
- Intravenous
Sold for
Aviptadil drew attention in 2020 and 2021 as a proposed rescue treatment for COVID-19 respiratory failure, promoted by its sponsor as protecting the lung's surfactant-producing cells.
Studies say
A randomized trial of roughly 460 critically ill COVID-19 patients found no benefit on recovery or survival, so the respiratory claim is not supported despite a plausible mechanism (grade B, negative).
Immunity - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 05
- Route
- Topical
Sold for
Bacitracin is the antibiotic in the first-aid kit, applied to scrapes and surgical wounds on the assumption that it prevents infection.
Studies say
In a 922-patient randomized trial, wounds treated with bacitracin got infected at the same low rate as wounds treated with plain petroleum jelly, and bacitracin caused allergic reactions that petrolatum did not (grade B).
Skin - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 02
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Intravenous
Sold for
Balixafortide was pitched as a drug that would stop breast cancer cells hiding in protective niches by blocking the CXCR4 receptor, making chemotherapy work better.
Studies say
An encouraging uncontrolled early trial was followed by a 432-patient randomized trial that showed no benefit when balixafortide was added to eribulin (grade B, negative).
Circulation - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 04
- Route
- Intravenous
Sold for
Bivalirudin is a hospital anticoagulant, and the argument around it has been whether it beats heparin during stenting by causing less bleeding without more clots.
Studies say
In a 3,602-patient randomized trial of heart attack patients undergoing stenting, bivalirudin reduced major bleeding and 30-day cardiac death compared with heparin plus a platelet blocker, at the cost of more stent thrombosis in the first 24 hours (grade A).
Circulation - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 35
- Sources
- 14
- Route
- Several routes
Sold for
BPC-157 is sold as a healing peptide for tendons, ligaments, muscle and gut, taken by injection or orally, and is one of the most popular compounds in the grey-market peptide trade.
Studies say
Dozens of rat studies, nearly all from one laboratory, show faster tendon, ligament and gut healing, but the only human data are a 12-patient uncontrolled series, so nothing is established in people (grade C).
Gut and weight - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 02
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 05
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Bremelanotide is marketed as an on-demand injection for low sexual desire in women and is sold online, often as PT-141, as a libido booster for anyone.
Studies say
Two randomized trials in 1,267 women showed statistically significant but small improvements in questionnaire scores for desire and distress, no increase in satisfying sexual events, and nausea in about 40% of users (grade B).
Nervous system - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 00
- Animal
- 02
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Several routes
Sold for
Brilacidin is promoted as a synthetic mimic of the body's own defensin peptides that could kill drug-resistant bacteria and, during the pandemic, block SARS-CoV-2.
Studies say
Cell-culture studies show it disrupts viral particles and infected cells at low concentrations, but no peer-reviewed human trial has been published for any use (grade C).
Gut and weight - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 05
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 15
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Cagrilintide is talked about as the amylin half of CagriSema, Novo Nordisk's attempt to beat tirzepatide on weight loss, and as a weekly injection that could work on its own.
Studies say
Randomized trials show cagrilintide alone produces about 6% to 11% weight loss at 26 weeks depending on dose, and with semaglutide about 20% at 68 weeks, with mainly gastrointestinal side effects (grade B pending standalone phase 3).
Gut and weight - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 04
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 12
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
CagriSema is talked about as the next step after semaglutide: a weekly injection combining two hormones that early company statements suggested could beat tirzepatide on weight loss.
Studies say
Published phase 3 trials show roughly 20% body-weight loss over 68 weeks against 3% on placebo, which earns an A for the weight-loss use, but the head-to-head trial against tirzepatide missed its primary goal.
Gut and weight - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 06
- Route
- Several routes
Sold for
Calcitonin-salmon is an older bone drug, and online it is sometimes presented as a gentle alternative to bisphosphonates for osteoporosis or for bone pain after fractures.
Studies say
One large trial showed a vertebral-fracture reduction at a single dose level with an inconsistent dose response, regulators in Europe pulled the osteoporosis indication over a small cancer signal, and the FDA label now says fracture benefit is not established, so the evidence sits at B.
Muscle and bone - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 02
- Sources
- 03
- Route
- Topical
Sold for
Carnosine is marketed in serums and creams as an antioxidant and anti-glycation ingredient that protects skin from sun damage and ageing.
Studies say
Lab models of human skin show carnosine lowers oxidative stress markers after UV exposure, but nobody has shown a visible benefit in a controlled trial on people, so the evidence is C.
Skin - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 09
- Animal
- 03
- Sources
- 09
- Route
- Intravenous
Sold for
Cerebrolysin is promoted in nootropic and longevity circles as a brain-repair injection that speeds stroke recovery, sharpens cognition and treats dementia.
Studies say
Randomized trials exist, which earns a B, but the largest independent synthesis found no effect on death or dependence after stroke and a rise in serious adverse events, while smaller manufacturer-backed trials found small functional gains.
Nervous system - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 02
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 04
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Cetrorelix is a routine IVF drug and carries little hype; where it appears outside fertility clinics it is discussed as a way to switch off sex-hormone production quickly.
Studies say
Dozens of randomized trials show GnRH antagonist protocols give the same live-birth rate as agonist protocols with fewer cases of ovarian hyperstimulation, which supports an A for the fertility use.
Reproduction - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 03
- Animal
- 01
- Sources
- 08
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
CJC-1295 is sold as a long-acting growth-hormone booster for muscle gain, fat loss, sleep and recovery, usually paired with ipamorelin.
Studies say
Small trials in healthy volunteers confirm that it raises GH and IGF-1 for a week or more per injection, which is a real pharmacological effect measured on blood tests, but no study has shown it changes body composition or any health outcome.
Muscle and bone - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 03
- Sources
- 05
- Route
- Topical
Sold for
Copper tripeptide-1 is marketed in serums as a collagen-building, wound-healing peptide that firms skin, softens wrinkles and regrows hair.
Studies say
Cell and animal studies show it switches on repair genes and speeds wound closure, but the one blinded human trial found no measurable skin benefit over the control regimen, so the evidence is C.
Skin - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 03
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Corticotropin is less a wellness peptide than a controversy over price: a 1952 hormone extract that became one of the most expensive drugs in the United States while being prescribed for conditions where cheap steroids are the usual choice.
Studies say
In infantile spasms, a small randomized trial found high-dose corticotropin stopped spasms and normalized the EEG in 87% of infants against 29% on prednisone, which supports that use; for most other labeled conditions the evidence is old and uncontrolled.
Hormones - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Cosyntropin carries no wellness hype; it is a hospital and clinic diagnostic, and the only online debate is whether the standard or low-dose test is more accurate.
Studies say
Pooled data from 679 patients show the cosyntropin stimulation test reliably separates adrenal insufficiency from normal function, which supports an A for its diagnostic use.
Hormones - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 04
- Route
- Several routes
Sold for
Cyclosporine is not sold as a wellness peptide; its reputation is as the drug that made organ transplantation routine, and its online discussion is mostly patients comparing it with tacrolimus or asking about the eye drops.
Studies say
A randomized trial in 1983 showed a 16-percentage-point gain in one-year kidney graft survival, and the drug's approval and decades of use rest on that class of evidence, which is an A.
Immunity - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 04
- Route
- Intravenous
Sold for
These antibiotics attract little consumer hype; the clinical interest is in dalbavancin and oritavancin as one- or two-dose treatments that let patients skip a hospital stay or a PICC line.
Studies say
Large randomized trials show once-weekly dalbavancin and single-dose oritavancin match daily vancomycin for skin infections, and telavancin is non-inferior for skin infections and pneumonia, which supports an A for the approved uses.
Skin - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 02
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 03
- Route
- Intravenous
Sold for
Daptomycin is a hospital antibiotic with no wellness market; its reputation is as a reliable option for MRSA bloodstream infections when vancomycin fails or cannot be used.
Studies say
A 246-patient randomized trial showed daptomycin cures S. aureus bacteremia and right-sided endocarditis about as often as standard therapy with less kidney damage, which with the skin-infection trials behind its approval supports an A.
Skin - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Dasiglucagon has no wellness market; the pitch is practical, a glucagon rescue pen that does not need mixing and works as fast as the powder-and-syringe kits it replaces.
Studies say
A 170-person randomized trial showed glucose recovered within 10 minutes in half the participants and within 15 minutes in 99%, matching conventional glucagon, which supports an A for the approved rescue use.
Gut and weight - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 01
- Sources
- 03
- Route
- Nasal
Sold for
Davunetide circulates in nootropic forums as a nasal spray that protects neurons and stabilizes microtubules, pitched for memory, autism and neurodegeneration.
Studies say
The one phase 3 trial, 313 patients over a year, found davunetide no better than placebo on movement or daily-function scores in progressive supranuclear palsy, so the human evidence is a well-conducted negative result.
Nervous system - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 03
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Degarelix has no wellness following; in oncology its selling point is speed, since it switches off testosterone in days without the initial flare that older hormone shots produce.
Studies say
A 610-man randomized trial showed degarelix matches leuprolide at suppressing testosterone over a year and gets there faster, which with approval supports an A.
Reproduction - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Desirudin has no consumer following; it is a footnote in anticoagulation, a leech-derived thrombin blocker that beat enoxaparin in a large trial and then disappeared from the market for commercial reasons.
Studies say
A 2,079-patient randomized trial showed desirudin prevented more clots after hip replacement than enoxaparin with similar bleeding, which earns an A for the approved use even though the product is no longer sold.
Circulation - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 00
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 04
- Route
- Several routes
Sold for
Desmopressin surfaces online as a memory booster and a nootropic because vasopressin acts in the brain, and as a shortcut for night-time urination; none of that is on the label.
Studies say
Approval for diabetes insipidus, bleeding disorders and nocturia rests on controlled trials and decades of use, an A for those indications, while the only consistent safety story is dangerously low sodium when fluid intake is not restricted.
Circulation - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Intravenous
Sold for
Difelikefalin is talked about as an itch drug that works without the sedation or dependence risk of conventional opioids.
Studies say
Two placebo-controlled trials in dialysis patients support the approved use, so the grade is A for uremic pruritus and nothing else.
Skin - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 00
- Animal
- 04
- Sources
- 11
- Route
- Oral
Sold for
Dihexa is sold online as a nootropic claimed to be millions of times more potent than BDNF at growing new synapses.
Studies say
A handful of rodent studies, two of them now retracted, show reversal of drug-induced memory deficits; there is no human data at all, so the grade is C.
Nervous system - DNo meaningful data
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 04
- Route
- Topical
Sold for
Sold as 'Syn-Ake', a synthetic snake-venom peptide claimed to relax expression lines the way a muscle-blocking injection would, but in a cream.
Studies say
The only human evidence is manufacturer testing and a combination-product study, which is a D on our scale.
Skin - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 04
- Animal
- 01
- Sources
- 07
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
DSIP is sold as a natural sleep peptide that deepens slow-wave sleep and is also claimed to help with pain and withdrawal.
Studies say
Small, old human studies with mixed results and no modern trial, so the grade is C.
Nervous system - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 03
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 04
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Dulaglutide is talked about as a once-weekly GLP-1 injection that lowers blood sugar, protects the heart and helps with weight.
Studies say
Large randomized trials support the diabetes and cardiovascular indications, which earns an A for those uses; weight loss is a side effect of a few kilograms, not a tested indication.
Hormones - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Ecallantide is an on-demand treatment for hereditary angioedema attacks that blocks the enzyme driving the swelling.
Studies say
Two placebo-controlled trials support the approved use, so the grade is A, with the caveat that about 4% of treated patients in trials had anaphylaxis.
Skin - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 02
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 03
- Route
- Intravenous
Sold for
Echinocandins are hospital antifungals, not wellness products; the interest is clinical, as the preferred first drugs for bloodstream Candida infections.
Studies say
Randomized trials showed each echinocandin at least as effective as amphotericin B or fluconazole with fewer toxic effects, which is an A for invasive candidiasis.
Circulation - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 03
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Efpeglenatide is discussed as a weekly GLP-1 drug with proven heart and kidney benefits that got shelved for business reasons.
Studies say
A single 4,076-patient outcomes trial showed cardiovascular and kidney benefit comparable to approved GLP-1 drugs, which is strong but orphaned evidence, hence B.
Hormones - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 03
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 04
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Elamipretide is talked about as a mitochondria-targeting peptide for energy, aging and muscle, and as the first drug for Barth syndrome.
Studies say
A tiny crossover trial plus open-label follow-up earned a conditional approval in Barth syndrome, while the one large randomized trial in mitochondrial myopathy was negative, which lands at B for the approved use and lower for everything else.
Hormones - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Enfuvirtide was the first HIV fusion inhibitor, a twice-daily injection that rescued patients whose virus had outrun every oral drug.
Studies say
Two randomized trials in multidrug-resistant HIV showed clear virologic benefit, an A for its approved use, though newer oral and long-acting drugs have made it obsolete.
Immunity - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 02
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 04
- Route
- Oral
Sold for
Enlicitide is talked about as the pill that does what PCSK9 antibody injections do, cutting LDL cholesterol by more than half.
Studies say
Multiple large placebo-controlled trials show LDL reductions of 56 to 59%, with no event-reduction data yet, which is an A for LDL lowering.
Gut and weight - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 03
- Sources
- 11
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Epitalon is sold as a telomerase-activating longevity peptide that resets the pineal gland and extends lifespan.
Studies say
Animal and cell studies from a single research school plus one weak human study of a different preparation put this at C.
Nervous system - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 01
- Sources
- 03
- Route
- Intravenous
Sold for
Eptifibatide is a hospital anticlotting drug, derived from rattlesnake venom, used during heart attacks and stent procedures.
Studies say
A 10,948-patient placebo-controlled trial showed a modest reduction in death or heart attack with more bleeding, which is an A for its approved use.
Circulation - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Intravenous
Sold for
Etelcalcetide is an intravenous calcimimetic that lets dialysis units control parathyroid hormone without relying on patients to take pills.
Studies say
Three randomized trials show it lowers parathyroid hormone more than placebo and more than oral cinacalcet, an A for the approved biochemical indication.
Muscle and bone - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 02
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 08
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Exenatide was the first GLP-1 drug, a lizard-venom peptide that opened the door to the weight-loss injectables that followed it.
Studies say
Randomized trials support its use in type 2 diabetes, an A for that indication, while for weight loss it is a weak relative of the drugs that replaced it.
Hormones - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 02
- Animal
- 01
- Sources
- 05
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Follistatin-344 is sold to bodybuilders as a myostatin blocker that unlocks muscle growth beyond natural limits.
Studies say
Two six-patient gene therapy trials and myostatin-knockout mice are the whole evidence base, and none of it involves injecting the protein, so the grade is C.
Muscle and bone - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 00
- Animal
- 03
- Sources
- 05
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Fragment 176-191 is sold as the fat-burning piece of growth hormone, with none of growth hormone's effects on blood sugar or growth.
Studies say
Rodent studies support a fat-mobilizing effect, and the human obesity trials run under the name AOD9604 failed, which puts it at C.
Gut and weight - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Intravenous
Sold for
Ga-68 dotatate PET is the scan that finds neuroendocrine tumors the older octreotide scan missed and decides who is eligible for radioligand therapy.
Studies say
Head-to-head imaging studies show higher accuracy than the older scan and frequent changes in management, which supports its approved diagnostic use at a B.
Gut and weight - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 04
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Ganirelix is the IVF injection that stops the body ovulating before egg retrieval, replacing weeks of agonist down-regulation with a few days of antagonist.
Studies say
Randomized trials show pregnancy rates similar to the older leuprolide protocol with fewer injections, an A for its approved use.
Reproduction - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 00
- Animal
- 08
- Sources
- 17
- Route
- Several routes
Sold for
GHK-Cu is sold as an anti-aging and wound-healing peptide, in serums for wrinkles and hair thinning and as an injectable for recovery.
Studies say
Cell and animal work shows that GHK-Cu raises collagen production and speeds wound closure in rats, but the human evidence is limited to cosmetic tests reported inside reviews, which is why the grade is C.
Skin - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 02
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
GHRP-2 is sold as a growth hormone booster for muscle, fat loss and recovery, often stacked with a GHRH analog.
Studies say
In small human studies GHRP-2 does release growth hormone and increases appetite, but repeated dosing attenuates the response without raising IGF-1, and no trial has measured a body-composition or health outcome, so the grade is C.
Muscle and bone - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 01
- Sources
- 03
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
GHRP-6 is sold as a growth hormone releaser for muscle gain, fat loss and injury recovery, and sometimes as an appetite stimulant.
Studies say
A single dose of GHRP-6 does release growth hormone in healthy men, but there is no human trial measuring muscle, fat or recovery, and the heart findings are from rodents, which is the C grade.
Muscle and bone - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 02
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Glepaglutide is discussed as a long-acting GLP-2 analog that could reduce the hours patients with short bowel syndrome spend on intravenous nutrition.
Studies say
The phase 3 trial showed that glepaglutide at the trial dose cut parenteral support volume per week more than placebo, a real but single-trial result that regulators have not yet accepted, which is grade B.
Gut and weight - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 04
- Route
- Several routes
Sold for
Glucagon is the emergency treatment for severe low blood sugar in people who use insulin, now available as a nasal powder and an autoinjector as well as the older mix-it-yourself kit.
Studies say
Randomised trials show that nasal and ready-to-use glucagon raise blood glucose as reliably as the injected kit within minutes, supporting the approvals and the A grade.
Gut and weight - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 04
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 05
- Route
- Several routes
Sold for
Glutathione is sold as a master antioxidant, for skin whitening by intravenous drip, for detox and for Parkinson's disease.
Studies say
Oral glutathione does raise body stores and produced a modest, site-specific lightening in one small trial, while inhaled glutathione failed in cystic fibrosis and intravenous glutathione showed no clear benefit in a Parkinson's pilot, so the grade is B for the skin claim and lower for the others.
Skin - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 03
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Compounded gonadorelin is sold by men's-health clinics as an injection taken alongside testosterone to prevent testicular shrinkage and preserve fertility, a role hCG used to fill.
Studies say
Pulsatile GnRH works in men whose pituitary is intact but unstimulated, but no trial has tested intermittent gonadorelin injections in men on testosterone therapy, so the grade is C.
Reproduction - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Implant
Sold for
Goserelin is a hormone-suppressing implant used in prostate cancer, premenopausal breast cancer and endometriosis, sometimes discussed as a way to protect ovaries during chemotherapy.
Studies say
Randomised trials show goserelin lowers sex hormones to post-menopausal or castrate levels and matches chemotherapy for survival in hormone-sensitive premenopausal breast cancer, which supports the approvals and the A grade.
Reproduction - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 04
- Route
- Topical
Sold for
Hexapeptide-9 is marketed in anti-aging serums as a collagen fragment that signals skin cells to rebuild the dermis and smooth wrinkles.
Studies say
The only controlled human trial tested a modified molecule and was run by the manufacturer, and the data for standard hexapeptide-9 are laboratory assays, so the grade is C.
Skin - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 01
- Sources
- 03
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Hexarelin is sold as the most potent of the growth hormone-releasing peptides, for muscle gain and for heart protection.
Studies say
Hexarelin produces a larger growth hormone pulse than GHRH in healthy adults but also raises cortisol and prolactin, and its cardiac effects have been shown only in animals, so the grade is C.
Muscle and bone - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 03
- Route
- Implant
Sold for
Histrelin is a once-a-year implant that pauses early puberty in children, and is sometimes discussed as a hormone blocker in other settings.
Studies say
A 36-child open-label trial showed the implant suppressed puberty hormones in every child for a year, which supports the approval, though no randomised comparison against monthly injections exists.
Reproduction - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 03
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 05
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
hCG is used in fertility clinics to trigger ovulation, prescribed off-label to men to maintain testosterone and fertility, and sold illegally as a weight-loss injection or drops.
Studies say
Randomised trials support hCG for ovulation triggering and for raising testosterone in hypogonadal men, which earns the A grade for those uses; the weight-loss claim has no trial support and the FDA has said so.
Reproduction - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 03
- Animal
- 04
- Sources
- 13
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Humanin is sold as a mitochondrial longevity peptide for brain protection, insulin sensitivity and healthy aging.
Studies say
Humanin protects neurons and improves insulin action in animals and tracks with age and disease in human blood samples, but it has never been administered to people in a trial, which is grade C.
Hormones - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Icatibant is the on-demand injection that people with hereditary angioedema carry to stop a swelling attack.
Studies say
Placebo-controlled trials show icatibant shortens attacks from about 20 hours to about 2 hours, which supports the approval and the A grade.
Skin - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 00
- Animal
- 02
- Sources
- 03
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
IGF-1 DES is sold as a fast-acting, locally injected form of IGF-1 for muscle growth at the injection site.
Studies say
Cell studies explain why des(1-3)IGF-1 is more potent than IGF-1 in a dish, but there are no human studies at all, so the grade is C.
Muscle and bone - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 00
- Animal
- 01
- Sources
- 03
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
IGF-1 LR3 is sold as a long-acting IGF-1 for muscle growth and fat loss, with claims that it outlasts natural IGF-1 by a day.
Studies say
IGF-1 LR3 is a well characterised laboratory reagent that activates the IGF-1 receptor in cell culture, but it has never been studied in humans, so the grade is C.
Muscle and bone - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 03
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Insulin analogs are the modified insulins that act faster at meals or last longer overnight than the human insulin they replaced, and they dominate diabetes treatment.
Studies say
Randomised trials show analogs match human insulin on blood glucose and reduce hypoglycaemia, particularly at night, which is the basis of their approvals and the A grade.
Hormones - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 03
- Animal
- 02
- Sources
- 11
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Ipamorelin is sold as the cleanest growth hormone secretagogue, for anti-aging, fat loss and muscle, usually paired with CJC-1295.
Studies say
Ipamorelin releases growth hormone in humans without the cortisol rise seen with GHRP-2 and GHRP-6, but the only outcome trial, in bowel surgery patients, was negative, and no study has measured body composition or aging, so the grade is C.
Muscle and bone - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 04
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 06
- Route
- Intravenous
Sold for
Kisspeptin-10 is sold as a natural libido and testosterone booster that works upstream of the hormones themselves.
Studies say
In small controlled trials kisspeptin raises luteinising hormone and testosterone and increases sexual brain responses, with the largest trial in 32 men, which earns a B; online products are the 10-amino-acid fragment, while most of the trial evidence used kisspeptin-54.
Reproduction - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 00
- Animal
- 02
- Sources
- 03
- Route
- Several routes
Sold for
KPV is sold as an anti-inflammatory peptide for gut problems, skin conditions and general inflammation.
Studies say
KPV reduces colitis in mice when given systemically or in oral nanoparticles, but there is no human data at all, so the grade is C.
Gut and weight - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Lanreotide is a prescription cancer and acromegaly drug, and it is not a wellness-market peptide; the talk about it is clinical, mostly about slowing neuroendocrine tumors.
Studies say
A placebo-controlled trial in 204 patients and the acromegaly trials behind the label support both approved uses, which is why it grades A.
Gut and weight - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 02
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 03
- Route
- Oral
Sold for
Larazotide is talked about as a pill that would let people with celiac disease tolerate accidental gluten by tightening the gut barrier, and some wellness sites extend that to 'leaky gut' in general.
Studies say
Randomized trials in celiac patients were run and pooled, but the phase 3 was stopped for lack of effect, so the controlled human evidence (grade B) does not support the claimed benefit.
Gut and weight - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 03
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Leuprolide is a mainstream hormone-suppressing drug; outside clinics it comes up mostly in debates about puberty blockers and in bodybuilding forums as a way to shut down natural testosterone.
Studies say
Controlled trials and 40 years of clinical use support the approved indications, so it grades A for prostate cancer and precocious puberty.
Reproduction - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Oral
Sold for
Linaclotide is a prescription constipation drug; the only hype around it is marketing to IBS-C patients, and it is not sold in the gray peptide market.
Studies say
Multiple large randomized placebo-controlled trials met their FDA-set endpoints, which is why it grades A.
Gut and weight - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 03
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 07
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Liraglutide was the first daily GLP-1 drug to be approved for weight loss and is now marketed as the cheaper generic alternative to semaglutide for people who want a GLP-1 but cannot get or afford the newer ones.
Studies say
Trials in nearly 10,000 diabetic patients and 3,700 adults with obesity showed fewer heart events and about 8 percent body weight loss respectively, which earns an A for both approved uses.
Gut and weight - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 03
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Lixisenatide gets almost no consumer attention; it is a shorter-acting GLP-1 drug that lost out commercially to weekly rivals and now survives mainly as the GLP-1 half of Soliqua.
Studies say
Phase 3 glycemic trials and a 6,068-patient cardiovascular trial support its approval for type 2 diabetes (grade A), with the cardiovascular trial showing neither harm nor benefit.
Hormones - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 06
- Animal
- 06
- Sources
- 16
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
LL-37 is sold as an injectable 'natural antibiotic' that fights infections, breaks up biofilms, heals wounds, and modulates immunity.
Studies say
Topical LL-37 has two small wound-healing trials with mixed results, the body's own LL-37 is well studied and drives inflammation in psoriasis and rosacea, and there are no human data on injecting it, so the evidence for the marketed use is grade C.
Immunity - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
LTX-315 is described as a first-in-class 'oncolytic peptide' that bursts tumor cells from the inside and turns a tumor into its own vaccine, a story that outruns the single phase 1 trial published so far.
Studies say
A 39-patient uncontrolled phase 1 trial showed injected tumors regressing in some patients and immune cells moving in, which is grade C evidence until a controlled trial reports.
Skin - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Intravenous
Sold for
Lutathera is discussed in oncology circles, with no wellness market, as the first radioactive peptide drug to win FDA approval and the model for the targeted radioligand drugs that followed.
Studies say
A 229-patient randomized trial showed a 79 percent reduction in progression or death versus octreotide, which supports an A grade for its approved use.
Gut and weight - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 03
- Route
- Intravenous
Sold for
Pluvicto is talked about as the proof that radioligand therapy works in a common cancer, and as a multibillion-dollar product that keeps moving earlier in prostate cancer treatment.
Studies say
An 831-patient randomized trial showed a four-month survival gain, and further randomized trials supported earlier use, which is an A for its approved indications.
Reproduction - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 07
- Animal
- 01
- Sources
- 12
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Mazdutide is pitched as the next step after tirzepatide: a weekly dual agonist that adds glucagon receptor activity to GLP-1 for more weight loss and liver fat reduction, and it is already being sold by gray-market peptide vendors in the US.
Studies say
Two phase 3 trials in more than a thousand Chinese adults produced about 15 percent weight loss versus placebo over 48 to 60 weeks and led to approval in China, which grades A, although no US trial has finished and no outcomes trial exists.
Gut and weight - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Mecasermin is pharmaceutical IGF-1, and in bodybuilding circles it is treated as a muscle-building hormone, even though its only approved use is to make very short children grow.
Studies say
Uncontrolled follow-up of 76 children with IGF-1 deficiency showed growth velocity roughly tripling in the first year, enough for approval in a rare disease but not for an A, and there are no trials for any other use.
Hormones - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 02
- Sources
- 04
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Mechano growth factor is sold as a muscle-repair peptide that mimics what exercise does, promising faster hypertrophy and recovery after injury.
Studies say
Exercise raises MGF expression in young muscle and the E-domain peptide activates muscle stem cells in a dish, but no one has published a trial of injecting it into people, so the evidence is grade C.
Muscle and bone - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 02
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 03
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Melanotan I is sold as the 'safer' tanning peptide, the one that became a real drug, promising a tan without sun and protection against burning.
Studies say
A 65-person placebo-controlled trial showed more melanin and less UV damage in fair skin, and two trials in 168 porphyria patients led to approval of the implant, so the evidence is grade B for tanning and the approved product is a different formulation for a rare disease.
Skin - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 05
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Melanotan II is the 'Barbie drug' of gym and tanning culture, sold online as an injectable that gives a deep tan, suppresses appetite, and improves erections.
Studies say
A three-man pilot study in 1996 showed it darkens skin and causes erections and nausea, and the rest of the literature is case reports of harm, which is grade C evidence.
Skin - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 02
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 05
- Route
- Oral
Sold for
MK-677 is sold in the bodybuilding market as an oral growth hormone booster that builds muscle, deepens sleep, and heals injuries without injections.
Studies say
Controlled trials confirm it raises growth hormone and IGF-1, but the body composition change in 65 older adults was small, strength did not improve, blood sugar rose, and a 563-patient Alzheimer's trial failed, so the evidence is grade B.
Muscle and bone - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Motixafortide is a hospital drug with no consumer market; it is discussed as a stronger alternative to plerixafor for harvesting stem cells before a myeloma transplant.
Studies say
A 122-patient placebo-controlled trial showed 92.5 percent versus 26 percent of patients reaching the stem cell target in up to two collections, which is enough for an A for this single approved use.
Circulation - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 02
- Sources
- 07
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
MOTS-c is sold as an 'exercise mimetic', a mitochondrial peptide said to burn fat, improve insulin sensitivity, and boost endurance the way training does.
Studies say
Mice given MOTS-c resisted obesity and ran longer, and humans make more of it after exercise, but no trial has given it to people, so the evidence is grade C.
Hormones - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 02
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Intravenous
Sold for
Murepavadin is discussed as the first of a new antibiotic class that could kill drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the hospital pathogen behind many ventilator pneumonias.
Studies say
Phase 1 and small phase 2 data showed it reaches the blood and clears Pseudomonas in small uncontrolled series, but the phase 3 trials were stopped for kidney injury, leaving grade C evidence.
Immunity - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 03
- Route
- Nasal
Sold for
Nafarelin is a prescription hormone suppressant for endometriosis and early puberty, with little of the online wellness market around it.
Studies say
Randomized trials showed nafarelin shrank endometriosis lesions and relieved pain about as well as danazol, with a different side effect profile, which is the basis of its approval and its A grade.
Reproduction - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 01
- Route
- Intravenous
Sold for
Nangibotide is discussed as a possible first targeted immune therapy for septic shock, a condition where nearly every drug tried has failed.
Studies say
A single controlled trial missed its primary endpoint, with a post hoc hint of benefit in patients with high soluble TREM-1 levels, which is enough for B but not for a claim that it works.
Immunity - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 01
- Route
- Intravenous
Sold for
Nesiritide was marketed in the 2000s as a modern hormone-based treatment for acute heart failure, replacing older drips.
Studies say
The largest heart failure drug trial of its era showed nesiritide neither helped nor clearly harmed, which is why its use faded and its approval is now mostly of historical interest.
Circulation - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 03
- Route
- Oral
Sold for
NNZ-2591 is talked about as a follow-on to trofinetide, a possible oral treatment for several genetic autism-related syndromes at once.
Studies say
One small uncontrolled trial found the drug was tolerated and that scores moved in a favorable direction, which is the kind of evidence that justifies a placebo-controlled trial but does not show the drug works.
Nervous system - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 00
- Animal
- 01
- Sources
- 03
- Route
- Topical
Sold for
Nonapeptide-1 is sold in brightening serums and dark-spot creams as a peptide that stops melanin production at its source.
Studies say
Cell and receptor studies show it competes with alpha-MSH at the MC1R receptor, but no published human trial shows it lightens skin, so the grade is C.
Skin - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Octreotide is a workhorse hospital drug for hormone-secreting tumors and acromegaly, not a wellness peptide.
Studies say
Controlled trials show octreotide lowers growth hormone in acromegaly, controls carcinoid symptoms, and slows the growth of midgut neuroendocrine tumors, supporting an A grade for its approved uses.
Gut and weight - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 03
- Route
- Topical
Sold for
Oligopeptide-1 is sold in growth-factor serums promising faster skin renewal, firmer texture and fewer fine lines.
Studies say
EGF has a well-understood role in wound healing, but the cosmetic evidence is a handful of small, short, uncontrolled or industry-run studies, which is C-grade support.
Skin - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 11
- Animal
- 02
- Sources
- 15
- Route
- Several routes
Sold for
Oxytocin is sold as a nasal spray for anxiety, social connection, PTSD, pain and better orgasms, trading on its reputation as the love hormone.
Studies say
The childbirth uses are solidly proven, which earns the A, but randomized trials of intranasal oxytocin for psychiatric and pain conditions have mostly come back null or mixed.
Reproduction - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 00
- Animal
- 01
- Sources
- 03
- Route
- Topical
Sold for
Palmitoyl hexapeptide-12 is sold in anti-aging serums as a collagen-signaling peptide that firms skin and smooths wrinkles.
Studies say
The published evidence shows the peptide penetrates skin and interacts with its structural molecules in the laboratory; whether that changes how skin looks has not been tested in a published human trial.
Skin - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 01
- Sources
- 05
- Route
- Topical
Sold for
Palmitoyl pentapeptide-4, better known as Matrixyl, is the peptide most anti-wrinkle creams point to when they say peptides work.
Studies say
A single sponsor-run randomized trial found modest wrinkle improvement versus the same moisturizer without the peptide, which is better evidence than most cosmetic peptides have and still short of independent confirmation.
Skin - DNo meaningful data
- Human
- 00
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Topical
Sold for
Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 is one half of Matrixyl 3000 and is marketed as an anti-inflammatory peptide that calms skin and reduces wrinkles.
Studies say
The published record is a safety review and nothing on efficacy, so the claims rest on manufacturer data and the grade is D.
Skin - DNo meaningful data
- Human
- 00
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Topical
Sold for
Palmitoyl tripeptide-1 is marketed as a collagen-boosting signal peptide and is one of the two actives in Matrixyl 3000.
Studies say
Published data cover safety only; the wrinkle claims rest on unpublished manufacturer testing of a blend, which is a D.
Skin - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Topical
Sold for
Palmitoyl tripeptide-38 is sold as a next-generation Matrixyl that rebuilds six different skin matrix components to fill wrinkles from within.
Studies say
The only published human study is uncontrolled and tests a combination serum, so improvement cannot be attributed to the peptide; the vehicle-controlled data are the manufacturer's.
Skin - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Palopegteriparatide is the first replacement therapy that lets most people with hypoparathyroidism stop taking handfuls of calcium and active vitamin D.
Studies say
A placebo-controlled phase 3 trial showed about four in five patients reached normal calcium without conventional supplements, versus one in twenty on placebo, which is A-grade support for the approved use.
Muscle and bone - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Natpara was the first hormone replacement for hypoparathyroidism, promising freedom from the calcium and vitamin D pill burden.
Studies say
A 24-week placebo-controlled trial showed about half of patients could cut their supplements by half or more while keeping calcium normal, supporting the approval; supply problems ended the product, and efficacy was not the cause.
Muscle and bone - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Pasireotide is the first drug approved specifically to treat the pituitary tumor behind Cushing's disease, where earlier drugs block cortisol downstream.
Studies say
In the phase 3 trial about one in four patients at the higher trial dose reached normal cortisol at six months, and most developed high blood sugar, which is an approvable but limited result.
Hormones - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 05
- Route
- Several routes
Sold for
Pegcetacoplan is a targeted complement blocker for rare blood, kidney and eye diseases, not a product with a consumer market.
Studies say
In a head-to-head trial it outperformed the previous standard drug on hemoglobin in PNH, and a placebo-controlled trial showed a large reduction in urinary protein in two rare kidney diseases, which supports an A for the approved uses.
Circulation - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Pegvisomant is the most effective drug for normalizing IGF-1 in acromegaly, and it is the reason bodybuilding forums sometimes discuss blocking growth hormone.
Studies say
A placebo-controlled trial normalized IGF-1 in nearly nine out of ten patients at the top trial dose, with symptom relief tracking the biochemistry, which is A-grade evidence for its approved use.
Hormones - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 02
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 03
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Pemvidutide is pitched as a weight-loss injection that also clears fat from the liver, with the glucagon component sold as a way to lose fat while sparing muscle.
Studies say
Phase 2 trials show large reductions in liver fat and resolution of MASH in about half of treated patients versus a fifth on placebo, with moderate weight loss, which is B-grade evidence pending a confirmatory trial.
Gut and weight - DNo meaningful data
- Human
- 00
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 03
- Route
- Topical
Sold for
Pentapeptide-18 is sold as a topical alternative to botulinum toxin that softens expression lines, usually paired with acetyl hexapeptide-8 (Argireline).
Studies say
There is no independent published human study of pentapeptide-18; what exists is the maker's description of its mechanism and a manufacturer-run wrinkle test, which is why it sits at grade D.
Skin - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 02
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Petrelintide is talked about as the amylin-based weight loss drug that might match GLP-1 injections for weight loss with far fewer stomach side effects.
Studies say
One published phase 2 trial shows about a tenth of body weight lost over 42 weeks with gastrointestinal tolerability close to placebo apart from mild nausea, which earns a B; the phase 3 program that would settle efficacy and safety is only starting.
Gut and weight - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 02
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Oral
Sold for
Plecanatide is prescribed as a once-daily pill for chronic constipation and constipation-type IBS that is meant to work like the gut's own fluid-regulating peptide.
Studies say
Large randomized trials show plecanatide roughly doubles the chance of a durable improvement in bowel movements compared with placebo, with diarrhea as the main side effect, which earns an A for its approved use.
Gut and weight - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 02
- Animal
- 01
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Oral
Sold for
PN-943 was pitched as an oral, gut-restricted pill that could do what vedolizumab infusions do for ulcerative colitis.
Studies say
The one controlled trial in ulcerative colitis failed its primary endpoint at the higher dose and showed only a borderline signal at the lower one, so the evidence does not support the claimed use.
Gut and weight - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Intravenous
Sold for
Polymyxin B and colistin are the antibiotics of last resort for Gram-negative bacteria that have beaten carbapenems.
Studies say
The polymyxins kill multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria and remain in use for lack of alternatives, but their approvals predate controlled trials and the one large RCT showed that adding meropenem does not improve outcomes.
Immunity - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 04
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 01
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Pramlintide is the only approved amylin drug, used as an add-on to mealtime insulin to blunt after-meal glucose spikes and help with weight.
Studies say
Randomized trials show pramlintide modestly lowers HbA1c and body weight when added to insulin, at the cost of nausea and a higher risk of insulin-related hypoglycemia, which supports its narrow approved use.
Hormones - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 07
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 12
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
PT-141 is sold on the gray market as a libido and erection booster for men and women that works through the brain instead of blood flow.
Studies say
Two phase 3 trials support a modest effect on sexual desire in premenopausal women with HSDD, which is what the FDA approved; the evidence in men is two small, abandoned nasal-spray studies from 2004, and nausea affects about 40 percent of users.
Nervous system - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 04
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 09
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Retatrutide is talked about as the next step beyond tirzepatide, a triple-hormone injection that produced the largest weight loss yet seen in a drug trial.
Studies say
Randomized trials show about a quarter of body weight lost over 48 weeks and roughly a fifth over 80 weeks in people with diabetes, with gastrointestinal side effects and heart rate increases, which supports a B pending approval and full phase 3 publication.
Gut and weight - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 02
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 03
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Rusfertide is talked about as the drug that lets people with polycythemia vera stop having blood drawn every few weeks.
Studies say
Two randomized trials show rusfertide keeps hematocrit below 45 percent and frees most patients from phlebotomy, with injection site reactions as the main side effect, which earns an A for its approved use.
Circulation - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 02
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Intravenous
Sold for
Secretin is a century-old hormone used in hospitals to test the pancreas, and briefly, in the late 1990s, hyped as an autism cure.
Studies say
Secretin dependably stimulates pancreatic fluid and gastrin release, which is what its diagnostic approval requires; the randomized trial of secretin for autism found no benefit over placebo.
Hormones - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 02
- Animal
- 02
- Sources
- 11
- Route
- Nasal
Sold for
Selank is sold as a nasal spray that calms anxiety without the sedation or dependence of benzodiazepines and sharpens focus at the same time.
Studies say
A single 62-patient Russian trial found anxiety relief comparable to a benzodiazepine, and animal work points to GABA and NMDA receptor effects, but there is no placebo-controlled human trial, so the claims rest on thin evidence.
Nervous system - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Intravenous
Sold for
Selepressin was meant to be a cleaner vasopressin for septic shock: raise blood pressure without the fluid leak and clotting effects of the natural hormone.
Studies say
The one large randomized trial found selepressin did not increase ventilator- and vasopressor-free days or reduce mortality compared with placebo, so the evidence does not support it.
Circulation - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 11
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 17
- Route
- Several routes
Sold for
Semaglutide is the GLP-1 injection behind Ozempic and Wegovy, the most talked-about weight loss drug of the decade.
Studies say
Randomized trials in tens of thousands of people show about 15 percent weight loss, roughly a 1 to 2 point HbA1c reduction, a 20 percent cut in major cardiovascular events and slower kidney decline, with gastrointestinal side effects and weight regain after stopping as the main caveats.
Gut and weight - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 05
- Animal
- 02
- Sources
- 13
- Route
- Nasal
Sold for
Semax is sold as a nasal nootropic that sharpens memory and attention and protects the brain after stroke.
Studies say
Russian clinical studies report faster recovery after stroke and fewer vascular events in chronic cerebrovascular disease, and a small imaging study shows it changes brain network activity in healthy people, but no blinded placebo-controlled trial has been published, so the cognitive claims are unproven.
Nervous system - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 10
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 14
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Sermorelin is sold by anti-aging and men's health clinics as a gentler way to restore youthful growth hormone levels, promising fat loss, muscle, deeper sleep and recovery.
Studies say
Sermorelin does raise growth hormone and IGF-1, and small physiology studies show GHRH increases slow-wave sleep, but the fat loss and muscle data come from trials of tesamorelin in HIV patients, and no trial has tested sermorelin for anti-aging in healthy adults.
Muscle and bone - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 03
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 03
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Setmelanotide is the drug that treats obesity caused by a broken appetite switch in the brain, in people whose hunger never turns off.
Studies say
In rare genetic and brain-injury forms of obesity, setmelanotide produces large sustained weight loss in trials ranging from 10 to 142 patients, with skin darkening and nausea as the trade-offs; it has not been tested as a treatment for ordinary obesity.
Gut and weight - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Intravenous
Sold for
Sincalide is the hospital drug that makes the gallbladder squeeze on cue so radiologists can measure how well it empties.
Studies say
Sincalide reliably contracts the gallbladder and stimulates pancreatic enzyme output, and a 60-person multicenter study standardized how to infuse it for imaging; that is solid for a diagnostic agent but is not outcome-trial evidence.
Gut and weight - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 02
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 03
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Somapacitan is the once-a-week growth hormone that replaces daily injections for children and adults who lack the hormone.
Studies say
Randomized trials show weekly somapacitan reduces body fat in adults with growth hormone deficiency as well as daily growth hormone does and produces equivalent growth in children, which supports an A for its approved uses.
Hormones - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 00
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 03
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Growth hormone is sold by anti-aging clinics and on the black market as the master hormone for youth, muscle and fat loss, well beyond the deficiency states it is approved to treat.
Studies say
Somatropin reliably restores growth in children who lack growth hormone and improves body composition in deficient adults, which is what it is approved for; the labels do not support use in healthy adults, and the market is shifting toward weekly long-acting versions as older daily brands exit.
Hormones - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 03
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 04
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Survodutide is talked about as the next-generation weight-loss injection that also burns liver fat, a possible rival to semaglutide and tirzepatide.
Studies say
Randomized trials show large placebo-adjusted weight loss and liver-fat reduction, but the drug is unapproved and long-term outcome data do not yet exist, which is why it grades B.
Gut and weight - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 00
- Animal
- 02
- Sources
- 10
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
TB-500 is sold online as an injectable healing peptide for torn muscles, tendons and ligaments, often paired with BPC-157.
Studies say
Nothing published tests TB-500 for injury in humans or animals; the evidence for its parent protein comes from small trials in wounds and the eye, so the grade is C.
Muscle and bone - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 02
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Teduglutide is prescribed to help people with very short intestines absorb enough on their own to cut back on intravenous feeding.
Studies say
Randomized and long-term extension data show meaningful reductions in parenteral support volume, with a minority of patients weaning off entirely, which supports the A grade for its approved indication.
Gut and weight - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Teriparatide is the bone-building osteoporosis injection, the first drug that grows new bone instead of slowing its loss.
Studies say
A large randomized trial showed fewer spine and non-spine fractures in high-risk postmenopausal women, and two decades of use have not shown the bone cancer signal seen in rats, which is why it grades A.
Muscle and bone - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Intravenous
Sold for
Terlipressin is the hospital drug that can pull the kidneys back in people with cirrhosis whose kidneys are shutting down.
Studies say
A 300-patient randomized trial showed more reversals of hepatorenal syndrome than placebo, at the cost of more respiratory failure and no survival gain, which supports an A grade for the narrow approved use.
Gut and weight - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 06
- Animal
- 01
- Sources
- 14
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Tesamorelin is marketed by longevity and body-composition clinics as a growth-hormone-releasing injection that melts belly fat without the risks of growth hormone itself.
Studies say
In people with HIV it reliably cuts visceral fat by about 15 percent over six months, but the fat returns when the drug stops and the evidence in people without HIV is a single small trial, which is the logic of the B grade.
Gut and weight - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 06
- Animal
- 01
- Sources
- 11
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Compounded tesamorelin is sold by longevity and body-composition clinics as the approved, cleaner alternative to CJC-1295 for burning visceral fat and raising growth hormone.
Studies say
It reliably cuts visceral fat by about 15% in HIV lipodystrophy, one 60-person trial suggests a similar selective effect in obese adults without HIV, and the fat returns within months of stopping, so the off-label use rests on a single small trial.
Hormones - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 06
- Animal
- 02
- Sources
- 15
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Thymosin alpha-1 is sold by wellness clinics as an immune-system booster for infections, cancer support, autoimmune disease and long COVID.
Studies say
Randomized trials support a modest, delayed antiviral effect in chronic hepatitis B, a large trial found no benefit in sepsis, and there are no trials of the immune-boosting uses marketed in the US, which is why it grades B.
Immunity - BSome human evidence
- Human
- 05
- Animal
- 03
- Sources
- 14
- Route
- Several routes
Sold for
Thymosin beta-4 is sold as a regenerative injection for tendon, muscle and joint injuries and promoted as the full-length version of TB-500.
Studies say
Small randomized trials show safety and signals of benefit in eye and heart disease, but the injected use for sports injuries has never been tested in people, which is why it grades B for the studied indications and no better.
Muscle and bone - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 00
- Animal
- 02
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Thymulin is sold as an anti-aging immune peptide that restores a shrinking thymus and rebalances T cells.
Studies say
Thymulin is a real thymic hormone whose biology is well described in animals, but no human trial has tested giving it as a drug, which puts it at C.
Immunity - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 08
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 17
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Tirzepatide is the weight-loss injection that outperformed semaglutide, cutting body weight by about a fifth in trials.
Studies say
Multiple large randomized trials show weight loss of 15 to 21 percent, better glucose control than other diabetes drugs, and improvement in sleep apnea, with weight regain after stopping, which is a clean A.
Gut and weight - DNo meaningful data
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 01
- Sources
- 01
- Route
- Topical
Sold for
Tripeptide-10 citrulline is sold in anti-aging creams as a decorin mimic that organizes collagen fibers for firmer, more elastic skin.
Studies say
A single manufacturer study shows the peptide alters collagen fiber assembly in a test tube and reports a small volunteer study, which does not establish a clinical effect, hence D.
Skin - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Triptorelin is a long-acting hormone-suppressing injection used for prostate cancer and to pause puberty, and is discussed online as a tool for hormone manipulation.
Studies say
Randomized trials show it drives testosterone to castrate levels as reliably as leuprolide, which supports an A for its approved indications.
Reproduction - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 02
- Animal
- 01
- Sources
- 04
- Route
- Oral
Sold for
Trofinetide is the first drug ever approved for Rett syndrome, a severe genetic neurological disorder affecting mostly girls.
Studies say
A single well-run phase 3 trial showed statistically significant improvement on caregiver and clinician rating scales, with diarrhea in four out of five patients, which earns an A for the approved indication.
Nervous system - CAnimal and cell studies
- Human
- 02
- Animal
- 01
- Sources
- 04
- Route
- Oral
Sold for
Before Rett syndrome, trofinetide was pitched as a brain-repair drug for concussion, fragile X and other neurodevelopmental conditions.
Studies say
The non-Rett programs produced small early trials and were dropped, so they grade C; only the Rett indication reached phase 3.
Nervous system - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Several routes
Sold for
Vancomycin is the hospital's last-line antibiotic for MRSA and the standard pill for C. difficile gut infection.
Studies say
Randomized trials and more than 65 years of use support both the intravenous and oral indications, with kidney toxicity and rising resistance as the known costs, hence A.
Circulation - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Intravenous
Sold for
Vasopressin is the second-line pressor in septic shock, used to spare high doses of adrenaline-type drugs.
Studies say
A 778-patient randomized trial showed vasopressin raises blood pressure as well as norepinephrine without improving survival, which supports A for its approved hemodynamic indication.
Circulation - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Vosoritide is the first drug that makes children with achondroplasia grow taller, an injection that reactivates stunted bone growth.
Studies say
One randomized trial showed about 1.6 centimeters per year of extra growth, with final adult height and effects on complications still unproven, which is why it holds an A under accelerated approval.
Muscle and bone - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Implant
Sold for
Ziconotide is the cone-snail venom painkiller, a non-opioid delivered straight to the spinal cord for pain nothing else touches.
Studies say
Randomized trials show substantial pain relief over placebo in refractory patients, bought at the price of frequent neurological and psychiatric side effects, which keeps it an A for its narrow approved use.
Nervous system - AStrong human evidence
- Human
- 01
- Animal
- 00
- Sources
- 02
- Route
- Injection
Sold for
Zilucoplan is the first self-injected complement inhibitor for myasthenia gravis, a self-injected shot that replaces hospital infusions.
Studies say
A 174-patient randomized trial showed clinically meaningful improvement in daily-living symptoms over placebo at 12 weeks, with the class risk of meningococcal infection, which supports an A.
Muscle and bone
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